/** @dev Adds deposits on Smart Plasma.
     *  @param currency Currency address.
     *  @param amount Amount amount of currency.
     */
    function deposit(address currency, uint amount) public {
        require(amount > 0);

        Token token = Token(currency);
        token.transferFrom(msg.sender, this, amount); /// deposit test1

        bytes32 uid = rootChain.deposit(msg.sender, currency, amount); /// deposit test2
        cash[uid] = entry({
            currency: currency,
            amount: amount
        });
    }

    struct Tx {
        uint prevBlock;
        uint uid;
        uint amount;
        address newOwner;
        uint nonce;
        address signer;
        bytes32 hash;
    }

    function newBlock(bytes32 hash) public onlyOperator {
        blockNumber = blockNumber.add(uint256(1));
        childChain[blockNumber] = hash;

        NewBlock(hash);
    }

//challengeExit 挑战资产uid 其实不属于 Bob
  /** @dev Challenges a exit.
     *  @param uid Unique identifier of a deposit.
     *  @param challengeTx Transaction that disputes an exit.
     *  @param proof Proof of inclusion of the transaction in a Smart Plasma block.
     *  @param challengeBlockNum The number of the block in which the transaction is included.
     */
    function challengeExit(
        uint256 uid,
        bytes challengeTx,
        bytes proof,
        uint256 challengeBlockNum
    )
        public
    {
        require(exits[uid].state == 2);

        Transaction.Tx memory exitDecodedTx = (exits[uid].exitTx).createTx();
        Transaction.Tx memory beforeExitDecodedTx = (exits[uid].txBeforeExitTx).createTx();
        Transaction.Tx memory challengeDecodedTx = challengeTx.createTx();

        require(exitDecodedTx.uid == challengeDecodedTx.uid);
        require(exitDecodedTx.amount == challengeDecodedTx.amount);

        bytes32 txHash = challengeDecodedTx.hash;
        bytes32 blockRoot = childChain[challengeBlockNum];

        require(txHash.verifyProof(uid, blockRoot, proof));

        // test challenge #1 & test challenge #2 最后一笔交易后面又进行了其他交易, Bob 在进行双花
        if (exitDecodedTx.newOwner == challengeDecodedTx.signer &&
        exitDecodedTx.nonce < challengeDecodedTx.nonce) {
            delete exits[uid];
            return;
        }

        // test challenge #3, 双花了,  Alice 给了两个人,并且挑战者 Carol的BlockNumer 更小,也就是发生的更早.
        if (challengeBlockNum < exits[uid].exitTxBlkNum &&
            (beforeExitDecodedTx.newOwner == challengeDecodedTx.signer &&
            challengeDecodedTx.nonce > beforeExitDecodedTx.nonce)) {
            delete exits[uid];
            return;
        }

        // test challenge #4   在 M块之前,还有一笔交易,Alice 需要证明自己在 M 块确实拥有 uid
        // 这个更多的是防止这种情况 The operator can even start a withdrawal from an output created by an invalid transaction.
        // 也就是 Operator 无中生有产生了一个 Tx, 然后花费此 Tx
        // 而这实际上会伤害到 uid 真正持有人的利益,他一定会站出来说明此事
        if (challengeBlockNum < exits[uid].txBeforeExitTxBlkNum ) {
            exits[uid].state = 1;
            addChallenge(uid, challengeTx, challengeBlockNum);
        }

        require(exits[uid].state == 1);

        ChallengeExit(uid);
    }

/*
这个内容,我们显然没有,如何解决呢  plasma mvp
Confirmation Signatures
Now what happens if a transaction gets included after the bad transaction? This can totally happen if a user makes a transaction, the transaction is sent to the operator, and the operator puts an invalid transaction before the user’s valid transaction. Users could try to exit from the inputs to the transaction, but that exit could be challenged by revealing the signed spend.

We deal with this scenario by requiring that transactions are invalid until they’re signed twice. Whenever a user makes a transaction, they’ll sign a first signature to have that transaction included in a block. Then, once the transaction is included in a valid block, the user will sign a second signature, called a confirmation signature. Users correctly following this rule will never sign a confirmation signature unless they know that their transaction was included in a valid block.

We add an extra rule that exit challenges also have to provide the confirmation signature. Now, if the operator includes a user’s transaction after their invalid transaction, the user simply won’t sign a confirmation signature. A transaction included after an invalid transaction won’t have a confirmation signature, and therefore won’t be valid. Every correctly behaving user can therefore get their funds back.
*/
//Bob应战,再次举证,实际上这个过程就是要不断的追加证据,将所有的交易连起来,最终证明 Alice 在 M块确实拥有 uid
 /** @dev Answers a challenge exit.
     *  @param uid Unique identifier of a deposit.
     *  @param challengeTx Transaction that disputes an exit.
     *  @param respondTx Transaction that answers to a dispute transaction.
     *  @param proof Proof of inclusion of the respond transaction in a Smart Plasma block.
     *  @param blockNum The number of the block in which the respond transaction is included.
     */
    function respondChallengeExit(
        uint256 uid,
        bytes challengeTx,
        bytes respondTx,
        bytes proof,
        uint blockNum
    )
        public
    {
        require(challengeExists(uid, challengeTx));
        require(exits[uid].state == 1);

        Transaction.Tx memory challengeDecodedTx = challengeTx.createTx();
        Transaction.Tx memory respondDecodedTx = respondTx.createTx();

        require(challengeDecodedTx.uid == respondDecodedTx.uid);
        require(challengeDecodedTx.amount == respondDecodedTx.amount);
        require(challengeDecodedTx.newOwner == respondDecodedTx.signer);
        require(challengeDecodedTx.nonce.add(uint256(1)) == respondDecodedTx.nonce);
        require(blockNum < exits[uid].txBeforeExitTxBlkNum);

        bytes32 txHash = respondDecodedTx.hash;
        bytes32 blockRoot = childChain[blockNum];

        require(txHash.verifyProof(uid, blockRoot, proof));

        removeChallenge(uid, challengeTx);

        if (challengesLength(uid) == 0) {
            exits[uid].state = 2;
        }

        RespondChallengeExit(uid);
    }

 /** @dev withdraws deposit from Smart Plasma.
     *  @param prevTx Penultimate deposit transaction.
     *  @param prevTxProof Proof of inclusion of a penultimate transaction in a Smart Plasma block.
     *  @param prevTxBlkNum The number of the block in which the penultimate transaction is included.
     *  @param txRaw lastTx Last deposit transaction.
     *  @param txProof Proof of inclusion of a last transaction in a Smart Plasma block.
     *  @param txBlkNum The number of the block in which the last transaction is included.
     */
    function withdraw(
        bytes prevTx,
        bytes prevTxProof,
        uint prevTxBlkNum,
        bytes txRaw,
        bytes txProof,
        uint txBlkNum
    )
        public
    {
        bytes32 uid = rootChain.finishExit(
            msg.sender,
            prevTx,
            prevTxProof,
            prevTxBlkNum,
            txRaw,
            txProof,
            txBlkNum
        );

        entry invoice = cash[uid];

        Token token = Token(invoice.currency);
        token.transfer(msg.sender, invoice.amount); /// 真正的资产转移

        delete(cash[uid]); 
    }

 /** @dev Finishes the procedure for withdrawal of the deposit from the system.
     *       Can only call the owner. Usually the owner is the mediator contract.
     *  @param account Account that initialized the deposit withdrawal.
     *  @param previousTx Penultimate deposit transaction.
     *  @param previousTxProof Proof of inclusion of a penultimate transaction in a Smart Plasma block.
     *  @param previousTxBlockNum The number of the block in which the penultimate transaction is included.
     *  @param lastTx Last deposit transaction.
     *  @param lastTxProof Proof of inclusion of a last transaction in a Smart Plasma block.
     *  @param lastTxBlockNum The number of the block in which the last transaction is included.
     */
    function finishExit(
        address account,
        bytes previousTx,
        bytes previousTxProof,
        uint256 previousTxBlockNum,
        bytes lastTx,
        bytes lastTxProof,
        uint256 lastTxBlockNum
    )
        public
        onlyOwner
        returns (bytes32)
    {
        Transaction.Tx memory prevDecodedTx = previousTx.createTx();
        Transaction.Tx memory decodedTx = lastTx.createTx();

        require(previousTxBlockNum == decodedTx.prevBlock);
        require(prevDecodedTx.uid == decodedTx.uid);
        require(prevDecodedTx.amount == decodedTx.amount);
        require(prevDecodedTx.newOwner == decodedTx.signer);
        require(account == decodedTx.newOwner);

        bytes32 prevTxHash = prevDecodedTx.hash;
        bytes32 prevBlockRoot = childChain[previousTxBlockNum];
        bytes32 txHash = decodedTx.hash;
        bytes32 blockRoot = childChain[lastTxBlockNum];

        require(
            prevTxHash.verifyProof(
                prevDecodedTx.uid,
                prevBlockRoot,
                previousTxProof
            )
        );

        require(
            txHash.verifyProof(
                decodedTx.uid,
                blockRoot,
                lastTxProof
            )
        );

        require(exits[decodedTx.uid].exitTime < now); //挑战期过了
        require(exits[decodedTx.uid].state == 2); //并且没有人挑战或者我都给出了合适的证据
        require(challengesLength(decodedTx.uid) == 0);

        exits[decodedTx.uid].state = 3;

        delete(wallet[bytes32(decodedTx.uid)]);

        FinishExit(decodedTx.uid);

        return bytes32(decodedTx.uid);
    }

sequenceDiagram
participant o as operator
participant u1 as alice
participant u2 as bob
participant u3 as carol
participant u4 as david
u1->>rootchain: deposit asset to RootChain, get unique id asset1
o->>rootchain: 生成 NewBlock 3, 记录此笔资产
u1->>u2: transfer asset1 to bob
o->>rootchain: 生成 NewBlock 7, 记录此笔交易
u1->>u3: transfer asset1 to carol
o->>rootchain: 生成 Newblock 11 记录此笔交易
u3->>rootchain: 我要提现asset1到主链,提供asset1来自 alice,由 alice签名,发生在 11
u2->>rootchain:  提出挑战,asset1应该属于我,提供 asset1 来自 alice,由 aice签名,发生在 7,rootchain 判定bob证据有效,拒绝carol提现
u2->>u4: transfer asset1 to devid
o->>rootchain:生成 Newblock 27,  记录此笔交易
u4->>rootchain:提现 asset1,来自 bob,有 bob的签名,发生在 27
loop david wait for challenge
u4->>u4:等待挑战期两周时间
end
u4->> rootchain: withdraw,提现,将asset1从rootchain 转走